Epilogue for the IJSME Special Issue: Metacognition for science and mathematics learning in technology-infused learning environments

Epilogue for the IJSME Special Issue: Metacognition for science and mathematics learning in technology-infused learning environment

Preface for the IJSME Special Issue: Metacognition for science and mathematics learning in technology-infused learning environments

Preface for the IJSME Special Issue: Metacognition for science and mathematics learning in technology-infused learning environment

RSSP, ERSP, component ERCoh, component PLC and dipole density between central parietal and occipital regions in the theta, alpha, and beta frequencies.

<p>(A) The mean cluster scalp map of central parietal cluster (top) and occipital cluster (bottom). (B) RSSP and ERSP of the central parietal and occipital clusters in the theta frequency. (C) RSSP and ERSP of central parietal and occipital clusters in the alpha frequency. (D) RSSP and ERSP of central parietal and occipital clusters in the beta frequency. For the central parietal cluster, the RSSP in the theta band was identified as significant when powers >0.36 dB (colored in orange and red) or < -0.09 dB (colored in deep blue). In the alpha and beta band, the RSSP was identified as significant when powers > 0.69 dB or < 0.11 dB and > 0.56 dB or < 0.02 dB, respectively. For occipital cluster, the RSSP was identified as significant in the theta, alpha and beta band when powers > 0.13 dB or < -0.36 dB; > 0.40 dB or < -0.24 dB; > 0.41 dB or < -0.14 dB, respectively. In addition, the ERSP values of central parietal cluster and occipital cluster that reached statistical significance (<i>p</i> < .01) compared to the ERSP of baseline with the time intervals were marked with underline colored mark for different clusters respectively. (E) Component ERCoh between central parietal and occipital regions (F) Component PLC between central parietal and occipital regions in the theta (4–7 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (13–17 Hz) frequencies. The cyan, green and blue lumps indicated phase-locking that reached binomial statistical significance in theta, alpha and beta frequencies, respectively. (G) The dipole density map that presented the number of phase-locking component pairs between the central parietal and occipital regions across time courses in the theta, alpha, and beta frequencies.</p

RSSP, ERSP, component ERCoh, component PLC and dipole density between frontal midline and occipital regions in the theta, alpha, and beta frequencies.

<p>(A) The mean cluster scalp map of frontal midline cluster (top) and occipital cluster (bottom). (B) RSSP and ERSP of the frontal midline and occipital clusters in the theta frequency. (C) RSSP and ERSP of frontal midline and occipital clusters in the alpha frequency. (D) RSSP and ERSP of frontal midline and occipital clusters in the beta frequency. For the frontal midline cluster, the RSSP in the theta, alpha and beta band was identified as significant when powers > 0.64 dB or < 0.06 dB; > 0.61 dB or < 0.07 dB; > 0.73 dB or < 0.12 dB, respectively. For occipital cluster, the RSSP in the theta, alpha and beta band was identified as significant when powers > 0.13 dB or < -0.36 dB; > 0.40 dB or < -0.24 dB; > 0.41 dB or < -0.14 dB. In addition, the ERSP values of frontal midline cluster and occipital cluster that reached statistical significance (<i>p</i> < .01) compared to the ERSP of baseline with the time intervals were marked with underline colored mark for different clusters respectively. (E) Component ERCoh between frontal midline and occipital regions (F) Component PLC between frontal midline and occipital regions in the theta (4–7 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (13–17 Hz) frequencies. The cyan, green and blue lumps indicated phase-locking that reached binomial statistical significance in theta, alpha and beta frequencies, respectively. (G) The dipole density map that presented the number of phase-locking component pairs between the frontal midline and occipital regions across time courses in the theta, alpha, and beta frequencies.</p

A comparison between EEG power in the different frequency bands grouped by task performance (personal optimal solutions versus other solutions).

<p>A comparison between EEG power in the different frequency bands grouped by task performance (personal optimal solutions versus other solutions).</p

Optic problem-solving task.

<p>Optic problem-solving task.</p

The number of lenses and mirrors used across three solutions and the corresponding EEG power in the different frequency bands.

<p>The number of lenses and mirrors used across three solutions and the corresponding EEG power in the different frequency bands.</p

Left Occipital Cluster.

<p>Panel A: Scalp map for left occipital cluster. Panel B: ERSP's from left occipital cluster (dotted lines signify onset of stimuli). Panel C: Dipole location for left occipital cluster. Panel D: Significant differences across the three conditions. Panel E: Post-hoc comparison between the conditions in theta band and alpha band. Panel F: Box plots showing the range and probability distribution of the power values.</p

Descriptive statistics and ANOVA results for theta and alpha bands in left occipital cluster.

***<p>p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05.</p

Descriptive statistics and ANOVA results for alpha band in left parietal cluster.

***<p>p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05.</p